THE SHOW
We're a little late on this one but here's another batch of sweet photos from the April Super Serious Show. Great sets from all of our performers - Brendon Walsh, Thomas Lennon, Ryan Sickler, Aisha Tyler, Matt Besser and Allan McLeod.
Check out our photos from Rebecca Rotenberg and more at our Flickr Page!
This Thursday - May 19th - The Super Serious Show will have a heavy dose of silliness and spunk thanks to receiving a visit from the all-around ball of fun, Kimmy Gatewood. An improviser, musical comedian, writer, producer, director and actor, Gatewood has a slew of ways to slay audiences. Gatewood has performed all over and is a member of the popular comedic group, The Apple Sisters. She’s got a ton of skills at the ready and packs a punch of personality and wit in her performances. Much of Gatewood’s comedy is disarmingly charming while skirting the edges of playfully off-color. Always delivered with a wry goofy smile.
As a musical performer, song and guitar in tow, Gatewood previously opened up for Sarah Silverman and Wendy Liebman. She wrote theme songs for live shows and has a batch of recorded comedy songs. Gatewood’s 1940’s era radio-play style comedy group, The Apple Sisters, continues its strong run of regular shows at the critically acclaimed Largo Theater in Los Angeles. The group garnered a devoted fan base and critical acclaim. Their high energy and original shows get better each time out. The Apple Sisters are currently developing a feature film with the Mark Gordon & Co.
Gatewood is also a skilled writer, contributing to Idiot’s Guide to Jokes, Gawker, Jest Magazine, ESPN, the Oxygen Network and many more.
Kimmy Gatewood has numerous television, radio, stage and online appearances. Her professional acting debut came alongside Sam Waterston in an acclaimed production of Long Day’s Journey Into Night at Syracuse Stage. She studied comedy and acting at UCB Theatre, The PIT, Second City and Comedy Sportz. Gatewood has toured nationally with the Off Broadway show Chicago City Limits, as well as with numerous groups. Some of the notable groups include Suppertime, The Faculty, Neutrino Video Projects and Not The Apple Sisters. Gatewood was an Andy Kaufman Semi-Finalist in the NY Comedy Festival. Gatewood also wrote and performed in six solo shows. One of those shows, Look On The Bright Side, earned Gatewood an ECNY Nomination for Best Musical Act and a “Best of 2005” selection by Time Out NY.
Gatewood also sometimes steps off the stage to solely produce and direct shows for both stage and screen. Her direction of Kidnapped by Craigslist garnered her a Best Director ECNY Nomination. Gatewood also produced and directed the feature documentary, Nerdcore Rising (screened at South By Southwest 2008).
On top of all the acting, writing and directing, Gatewood also has a budding feather hair accessory company (with fellow Apple Sister Rebekka Johnson), called Nerds of a Feather.
Get excited for the fun of Kimmy Gatewood at Smashbox Studios this Thursday. Grab tickets here.
This Thursday, Kyle Dunnigan will be coming to Smashbox for the May Super Serious Show. Dunnigan is an energetic and talented comedian who always surprises with his comedy and performances. His comedy ranges from daily life musings to crazy tangents, always delivered with a sneaky cool confidence.
Kyle Dunnigan is an alumni of the Groundlings Sunday Company. Dunnigan’s best known from his role as Craig (aka the Truckee River Killer) on Reno 911!. Dunnigan is an accomplished stand-up with his own half-hour special on Comedy Central, along with Late Night With Conan O’Brien, Jimmy Kimmel Live and the Late Late Show. He’s also appeared on NBC’s Howie Do It and FOX’s Cedric The Entertainer Presents.
Dunnigan also produced and starred in the popular web series, Craig Vs. Wild. The series boasts over two million views. Dunnigan recently started the Professor Blastoff podcast with his comedy friends, Tig Notaro and David Huntsberger.
Catch Kyle Dunnigan at Super Serious this Thursday.
The Super Serious Show and The Midnight Show are joining forces Thursday, May 19th. Get ready for a sketch comedy explosion from the crazy good team behind the long running hit sketch show at Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre Los Angeles – The Midnight Show. Their shows are always action-packed and full of lively and surprising performances. It’s a sight to behold. They keep their underground cred intact with a fearless approach to their material, establishing a legion of diehard fans in the Los Angeles area.
The Midnight Show is a Los Angeles based sketch comedy group that performs a monthly show at the UCB Theatre and produces online videos. The show began in 2008 and quickly became one of the theatre’s most popular shows. Their online videos also garnered a ton of attention and acclaim. Their monthly show combines videos and live sketches, along with a new celebrity host each time out. Their past host list includes some of the best names in comedy such as Andy Richter, Drew Carey, Dax Shepard, Fred Willard, Jerry O’Connell, Jerry Minor, Matt Walsh, Paul F. Tompkins and many more. The group put on the show in various cities and festivals, including a 2010 show at the prestigious New York Friars’ Club Improv and Sketch Comedy Competition. They were a finalist at the competition. Alumni from the group have gone on to act and write on television. Notable alumni include: Abby Elliott (SNL), Ryan Perez (writer, SNL – screening videos at the May Super Serious Show, too) and Zach Paez (writer, Community).
Photo by Robyn Von Swank
The current cast and crew behind The Midnight Show:
Stephanie Allynne
Heather Anne Campbell
Joe Chandler
Cale Hartmann
Eric Moneypenny
James Pumphrey
Curtis Rainsberry
Hal Rudnick
Jeff Sloniker
Nic Wegener
Produced by Michael Busch & Megan Reeves
Directed by Joe Wagner
Click here for tickets to see The Midnight Show on The Super Serious Show May 19th at Smashbox Studios. We'll call it Super Serious Midnight Comedy Awesomeness? Or Super Serious Midnight Show? Yeah that works.
Comedy cool kid Nick Thune will be joining The Super Serious Show next week at Smashbox Studios. Thune is a unique and versatile comedic performer. His sly wit and low key stage presence is a great combo at his live shows. Thune is popular nationally touring comedian and pops up on television often.
Thune hails from Seattle and moved to Los Angeles for comedy career purposes. Thune is a favorite of The Tonight Show with several performances, including this week. Thune’s other television appearances include a half-hour special on Comedy Central, Conan and Late Night With Jimmy Fallon. Thune appeared in his own web series for Atom Films, as well – www.nicksbigshow.com. Thune also appeared in a few feature films, including Mike Judge’s Extract, Highway 61, Unaccompanied Minors and Knocked Up.
In 2010 Thune released his debut comedy album, Thick Noon. Serial Optimist recently featured a fun and interesting interview with Thune.
Check out Super Serious Show May 19th for some quality Thune time.
The May Super Serious Show is going to be another fun night of crazy comedy. One of our favorite straight-to-it funny men, Pete Holmes, is heading up the show. Holmes’ welcoming personality and self-deprecating humor has led to devoted fanbase nationwide.
On stage, Holmes is quick on his feet and always bringing life to a show – every performance is packed with crazy in-the-moment tangents and whip-smart humor. A skilled improviser, Holmes is one of the best off-the-cuff comedians working today. Holmes is a mutli-skilled talent, working as a nationally touring stand-up, actor, improviser, writer and cartoonist.
Holmes has comedy roots in Chicago, Boston and New York. He studied and performed at Chicago’s Improv Olympic theater and the Playground theater. He also spent time performing at Boston’s Improv Asylum Theater and the New York City branch of Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. Holmes has a ton of television appearances including a Comedy Central Presents special, Late Night With Jimmy Fallon, Conan, voice work for Comedy Central’s Ugly Americans, VH1’s Best Week Ever, Premium Blend and many more. Holmes also draws cartoons for The New Yorker and writes for NBC’s Outsourced. Holmes is also a frequent contributor to CollegeHuymor.com and designs T-shirts for BustedTees.com.
On top of all that, Holmes is the voice of the popular long running E*Trade baby commercials.
Grab your tickets now for the May 19th Super Serious Show and enjoy the crazy fun of Pete Holmes at Smashbox Studios.
We have a special treat at Super Serious tomorrow. One of our favorite dudes and sneaky good comedic performers, Allan McLeod, will be dropping by the show. McLeod is a versatile talent with great acting, writing and general comedic skills working. Soft-spoken at first encounter, McLeod's a sly performer with the ability to sneak fun and outrageous comedic moments in his live shows.
McLeod studied Theatre and Film at the University of Alabama, where he wrote and performed sketch comedy for the school’s bi-weekly Guerrila Theatre show. His comedy career got its legs while taking classes at Upright Citizen Brigade (UCB) Theatre in Los Angeles. He studied and worked with veteran performers such as Matt Besser, Ian Roberts, Matt Walsh, Andy Daly, Seth Morris and many more. In 2008 he began teaching both improve and sketch writing at UCB. He’s produced and performed in numerous shows at the theatre over the years, including his own one man show “Allan McLeod: A Rabbit Stole My Car Keys.” McLeod is the co-director of the monthly UCB sketch show “Sketch Cram” and created and co-hosts the theatres “Chatroullette LIVE” show. He is a regular contributor to both UCBcomedy.com and Funny Or Die. His current UCB groups with regular shows include the improve team “Arts & Athletics” and his sketch group, “A Kiss From Daddy.”
McLeod’s television contributions include appearances on Comedy Centrals’ Tosh.0, Head Case and a series regular and writing duties for the MTV cartoon series Popzilla. He has written for the online comedy ad agency DumbDumb and the Comedy Central sketch pilot with Matt Besser This Show Will Get You High.
McLeod always surprises with his writing and performances. Get ready for the next round of fun tomorrow at Super Serious. It's a great chance to catch a performance from one of the best young unsung heroes working in the LA comedy scene.
More gourmet food truck goodness heading your way this Thursday at Super Serious - thanks to this month's truck - Pita Pusher. The relatively new truck will be serving up pitas and other tasty Middle Eastern fare to everyone Thursday night. Check-out their awesome menu. Lots of great meat and veggie options for all. Come hungry!
It's been a long time coming but Ryan Sickler is finally headed to Super Serious this week. We can't wait. Sickler is one of the best straight-to-it smart-ass comedians working today. Sickler’s comedy throws caution to the wind – he’s just as comfortable getting down and dirty with the rougher crowds as he is messing with the cool kids' assumptions.
A Baltimore native, Sickler moved to Los Angeles to begin his comedy career. He now tours nationally as an Improv regular. While on the road, he often performs with the biggest names in comedy. Sickler is a regular on Fox Sports "Cubed" online series and a frequent contributor to Fuel TV. His television appearances include Comedy Central’s Cutman, Live At Gotham and The Late Late Show.
Catch Sickler’s cutting edge comedy this Thursday at Smashbox Studios. Grab your tickets.
This week’s Super Serious Show will be blessed by the almighty Besser. The supremely talented Upright Citizens Brigade founding member, Matt Besser, will be the first of the UCB members to head over to Smashbox Studios and join Super Serious for what’s sure to be a night of surprises and many laughs.
Originally from Little Rock, Arkansas, Besser began his comedy career touring the Midwest, performing stand-up and learning improvisation from Del Close at Chicago’s Improv Olympic Theater. In 1991, Besser was one of the founding members of the sketch comedy group, Upright Citizens Brigade. Along with the other founding members (Amy Poehler, Ian Roberts and Matt Walsh) he performed numerous stage productions, touring the country. The group moved to New York City in 1996 and produced their self-titled Comedy Central sketch show for three seasons (1998 – 2000). The success of the show lead to the group establishing their own comedy theater and improve school in both New York City and Los Angeles. The theaters have become comedy mainstays for both comedy fans and aspiring performers.
Besser’s other television projects include a MTV hidden camera show with Method Man and Redman, Stung. He also co-created and starred in Crossballs for Comedy Central and most recently This Show Will Get You High for Comedy Central, as well. Besser is a frequent guest star, including appearances on Modern Family, Parks and Recreation, Children’s Hopsital, The Sarah Silverman Program, Reno 911!, Frasier and many more.
He is a frequent performer at the LA branch of the UCB Theatre, including writing an co-directing comedy musical “Freak Dance.” Besser is also a regular performer at the popular "ASSSSCAT!" improv show at the theatre. Besser’s performances are always a treat. Besser is also a regular contributor to the popular podcast, Comedy Death-Ray Radio, where he is known to show up impersonating a random assortment of characters.
Grab your tickets for Thursday's show – even we have no idea what to expect. Gold.
Whoa now. The show next week at Smashbox Studios is shaping up to be jam packed with awesomeness – thanks, in large part, to Aisha Tyler joining the party. The show is Thursday, April 21st.
Tyler is one of the more engaging, versatile performers working today. Tyler has a devoted fan base thanks to her all encompassing combo of attitude and grounded comedy. She has great comedy skills and more. Her first major claim to fame was her stint as the host of E!’s Emmy-winning Talk Soup. After her hosting duties, she made some impact in acting in both television and film.
Her first major acting foray was her extended character arc on NBC’s Friends. She also co-starred with Jennifer Love Hewitt for CBS’ Ghost Whisperer, as well as recurring roles on both CSI and 24. Her other television appearances include Nip/Tuck, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Reno 911! and voice work for The Boondocks and the current FX irreverent animated spy-spoof Archer, where she voices the spunky fan-favorite Lana Kane. Archer’s numerous film credits include Adam Sandler’s Bedtime Stories, Death Sentence, Balls of Fury and many more.
Aisha Tyler started her stellar entertainment career as a stand-up comedian, earning her numerous talk show appearances including The Tonight Show, Late Night With David Letterman, The Today Show, Politically Incorrect, Jimmy Kimmel Live and The Late Late Show. She also has a stand-out Comedy Central special, Aisha Tyler Is Lit: Live at the Fillmore.
Add successful writer to Tyler’s many tricks. In 2004 she published her book, Swerve: Reckless Observations of a Postmodern Girl. She contributed to Glamour Magazine, Jane, O: The Oprah Magazine and many others. Tyler makes her mark in many other areas of pop culture, as well – being a self-proclaimed avid gamer. Tyler is also a great supporter of numerous charities.
Aisha Tyler is sure to bring a force of energy to Super Serious this month, guaranteed fun. Grab your tickets here.
Thomas Lennon is joining The Super Serious party this month - Thursday, April 21st. One of our favorite all-around performers, Lennon has mastered the feat of both mainstream and cult success. His live performances are always surprising, full of some crazy combo of characters, music and general obnoxiousness.
Originally from Chicago, Lennon started his career in college. He graduated from New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts’ experimental theater wing. While at NYU, Lennon co-founded the now-famous sketch comedy troupe “The State.” The group eventually achieve both critical and popular acclaim with the 3-season run of their self-titled series on MTV. Lennon starred, produced and wrote for the series.
Next Lennon created, produced and starred in Comedy Central’s Viva Variety. The series again ran 3 successful seasons and garnered critical praise. In 2003, he created, produced and starred in another Comedy Central hit, Reno 911!, the long-running absurdist mostly improvised Cops spoof. The series ran through 2009 and included a feature film version in 2007.
Lennon’s appeared in numerous films included Memento, How To Lose A Guys In 10 Days, Balls of Fury, Reno 911!: Miami and 17 Again. Along with his acting, Lennon has written numerous feature films with his longtime writing and acting partner-in-crime, Ben Garant. Their scripted projects include Taxi, Herbie: Fully Loaded, The Pacifier, Let’s Go To Prison, Night at the Museum, Reno 911!: Miami and Balls of Fury.
Lennon is also a frequent performer at festivals nationwide, UCB Theatre in Los Angeles.
Grab your tickets for Super Serious and check-out the crazy fun of Thomas Lennon live for yourself.
Super Serious Show is back. Thursday, April 21st. This month we have raconteur comedian Brendon Walsh running the show. Walsh is a favorite comedian with a diverse fan base, touring clubs and festivals nationwide. His comedy is always surprising and fun. His comedy is silly and smart, always engaging.
Walsh hails from Philadelphia and established his comedy career while living in Austin, TX. In 2004 he won the “Funniest Person In Austin” contest and appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live as the original character “Scary Monster” (a terrible monster stand-up comedian). Walsh continued to gain fans in 2005 and 2006 as Austin Chronicle’s readers voted him “Best Stand-up Comedian.” His other TV appearances include Comedy Central’s Premium Blend, NBC’s Last Comic Standing and Conan on TBS.
Other Walsh accolades include winning the grand prize on the comedy stage in the 2007 Famecast.com internet contest, being featured on the Just For Laughs “New Faces” 2008 Montreal showcase. In 2010 he returned to the festival to tape his HBO Special “Funny As Hell.” In addition to his stage stand-up skills, Walsh also writers and regularly appears on TruTV’s The World’s Dumbest.
Grab your tickets here to catch the comedy stylings of the great Brendon Walsh.
Our St. Patrick's Day show was a blast with awesome performances and a lively crowd. Jay Larson lead the way with Eddie Pepitone, Jen Kirkman, James Adomian and Lost Moon Radio filling out the night at Smashbox Studios. Scott Gairdner added three sweet videos, including his exclusive "Adulterers" clip that killed.
Check out our photos from Rebecca Rotenberg and more at our Flickr Page!
Get ready for some kick-ass videos at this week’s Super Serious Show (March 17th) – courtesy of video director/performer all-star, Scott Gairdner. Gairdner is a favorite of the comedy crowd and online community thanks to his slew of inventive and clever comedy videos the past few years. We have word he'll be screening a brand new video at the show.
Gairdner is a comedy writer, director, performer, editor, and motion graphic artist living and working in Los Angeles. The New York Times, Huffington Post, G4’s Attack of the Show, New York Magazine, Maxim, and Bill Simmons’ blog have all highlighted his video work. With a total of over 13 million views for his videos, Gairdner’s work is often featured on the front page of Youtube, Funny Or Die, CollegeHumor, Cracked, and Atom.
In 2010, Gairdner joined the staff of Funny Or Die as a writer/director. His work has been heavily featured on the recent season of HBO’s Funny Or Die series.
Here’s a great profile on Scott Gairdner, courtesy of G4’s Attack of The Show.
Sausage time this St. Patrick’s Day. This Thursday at The Super Serious Show we’ve got your good eats needs taken care of thanks to the great folks at Grindhaus LA. They’ll be bringing their great food truck to Smashbox Studios. Show up early to try their great gourmet sausages. A perfect St. Patrick’s Day match for our free beer from Eagle Rock Brewery.
In addition to their truck, you can also check out more Grindhaus at their Hollywood location.
This week’s St. Patrick's Day Super Serious Show will feature one of the best performers working today, James Adomian. The popular multi-skilled comedian is known for his impressions and character work, as well as his great stand-up comedy.
Adomian was a top-10 finalist on Last Comic Standing. His other film and television appearances include Harold & Kumar Escape From Guantanamo Bay, The Late Late Show With Craig Ferguson, Face to Bush (Comedy Central), Wordgirl (PBS) and The Onion Radio News, along with numerous underground cartoons and television pilots.
NBC recently cast Adomian in an upcoming comedy series opposite of Sarah Paulson.
Adomian’s good nature and comedy skills made him a favorite in comedy circles. He is a frequent contributor to Earwolf’s Comedy Death-Ray Radio, as well as numerous other podcasts. He’s made a name for himself in political circles through his impression work. Adomian often appears in numerous web videos on Funny Or Die and Atom.com.
Adomian performs stand-up and characters nationwide and often at Upright Citizens Brigade in Los Angeles. Adomian is a one of a kind performer with rare skills. We can’t wait to see what he brings to Super Serious this week at Smashbox Studios.
The Bitter Buddha – comedian Eddie Pepitone – is coming to Super Serious this month - St. Patrick's Day. Watch out. Pepitone is a force of nature on stage – often switching back and forth between social rage and self doubt. An energetic combo of calm and chaos, Pepitone is one of our favorite comedians. Few comedians working today channel the power of the rant better than Pepitone. He’s one of a kind and a favorite among fellow comedians and die heard comedy fans alike.
In addition to his stand-up skills, Eddie Pepitone is a stand-out comic/character actor. Pepitone began his comedy career in New York City, quickly becoming a regular on the scene. He appeared regularly on Late Night With Conan O’Brien. His other numerous television appearances include Chappelle’s Show, Crossballs on Comedy Central, Jimmy Kimmel Live, King of Queens, Last Comic Standing, It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia and The Sarah Silverman Program. Pepitone also appeared in the hit movie Old School.
Pepitone’s has dramatic acting chops, as well, with appearances on Law and Order: Criminal Intent, Deadline, The Beat and Now and Again.
He toured the country with the acclaimed Improv company Chicago City Limits. He currently tours nationwide and is a staple in the Los Angeles comedy scene, performing at The Improv, Largo and The Upright Citizen Brigade Theatre. The Comedy Bureau recently profiled Pepitone and his excellence. It's a great read and summary of why so many love Pepitone.
Pepitone’s one of the more popular and flavorful comedians online these days - his Twitter account is a must follow. He is one of the hosts of the popular comedy podcast, The Long Shot. Recently, Pepitone wrote and starred in an ongoing web series, Puddin’ Time – a great modern live-action version of the traditional single-frame comic.
Here’s one of our favorite Pepitone rants from a 2009 live recroding of Marc Maron’s popular WTF podcast. Enjoy.
Watch out now – one of the best comedy groups in Los Angeles, Lost Moon Radio, is bringing a sneak peak of their ongoing comedy, music sketch series to Super Serious this month. It’s sure to tilt the fun levels at the show.
Lost Moon Radio is a comedy music hybrid show – each show the audience watches a live one-hour radio “broadcast” from the crazy 1960s remnant, DJ Jupiter Jack. The theory goes – Jack keeps his radio program alive by transmitting from “the Lost Moon of Jupiter.” The show treats the audience to sketches, commercials, radio promos and songs.
The fun of Lost Moon Radio is its label-defying collection of songs and comedic sketches – all performed live by the group’s seasoned actors and house band, The Moon Units. Live Comedy LA named Lost Moon Radio the show of the year in 2009. The show’s writing and performances are astounding – the quality beyond much of the regular televised sketch comedy these days.
The group gelled quickly since it’s January 2009 creation by Ryan Harrison, Rich Ramber, Dylan Ris and Frank Smith. Their first performance at St. Nick’s Pub was a success, quickly giving them a devoted fan base, critical praise and an instant cult status. Their initial run of shows featured current cast members Lauren Flans, Dan Mahoney, Martha Marion and Matt McKenna alongside Harrison and Smith. The band includes Ramberg and Ris as well as Michael Wells. Director Lauren Ludwig came on board for the second run of shows and continues to steer the ship.
Be sure to come to the special St. Patrick's Day edition of Super Serious to catch a glimpse of the great Lost Moon Radio. Then catch their full show at Cafe-Club Fais Do-Do at the end of the month. We promise you'll be hooked.
We’re excited to have the hyper smart and unique comedian Jen Kirkman at Super Serious this month's show. She’s one of our favorite comedians working today. She's a favorite of many others, too - held in high esteem by her comedy peers and audiences all over.
Jen Kirkman's passion and honesty sets her apart from much of the stand-up community. She is a stand-up comedian, television writer and actress. Kirkman’s stage presence is fearless – often engaging the audience and embracing in-the-moment tangents. Some of Kirkman’s most fun comedic moments on stage originate from the venn diagram of her passion and neurosis.
Kirkman most recently was a staff writer for NBC’s Perfect Couples. She spent several years as a head writer/actor on E!’s Chelsea Lately. She is still a regular on Chelsea Lately’s roundtable. Kirkman had a notable appearance as the narrator of HBO’s Funny Or Die “Drunk History,” which received the Jury Prize for “Best Short Film” at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010. She performs stand-up worldwide and has numerous television appearances, including spots on The Late Late Show With Craig Ferguson, Late Friday and Comedy Central’s Premium Blend. Kirkman was also a cast member of VH1’s sketch show, Accetable TV. In 2006, AST Records released her first comedy album, Self Help. Her second album will be released late this year.
Kirkman is an online favorite through her twitter feed – MSN and The Huffington Post named her one of the top comedians to follow on Twitter. In 2009 Entertainment Weekly also named Kirkman “One of The Top 12 Rising Stars in Comedy.”
For Los Angeles locals, Kirkman currently hosts a monthly talk show at The Upright Citizens Theatre and often performs at The Hollywood Improv, The Laugh Factory and Largo.
In our past comedy life, we used to run a show at The Laugh Factory in Hollywood. The sunset strip comedy club is not always the most inspiring comedy environment, but Kirkman's numerous performances were always a treat. Engaging, sweet and always one of the funniest people in the room, Kirkman’s visits to the show were a highlight. Her comedy and our experiences working with her is one of the main reasons we created The Super Serious Show – to give great comedians a cool space to do their thing.
Grab your tickets to the March 17th show to catch Kirkman live.
As a treat, here's Jen Kirkman in the always funny online series, Drunk History.